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EDM makina is a highly efficient device used for precision machining. Its unique working principle makes it excel in processing hard, conductive materials. Although the EDM makina does not have as long a history as forging and metallurgy, it occupies an important position in modern manufacturing. This article will explore the working principles of the EDM makina and its role in machining to help you gain a comprehensive understanding of the application of this technology.
EDM makina works on the principle of electric sparks generated between an electrode and the workpiece. Specifically, when the electrode and the workpiece are electrified, a short circuit occurs due to the contact of the positive and negative poles, resulting in instantaneous high-temperature sparks. These sparks cause localized high temperatures between the workpiece and the electrode, eroding the surfaces of the workpiece and electrode layer by layer, thereby achieving precision machining of materials. The core of this process lies in the high-temperature sparks eroding the material layer by layer, continuously reducing the material around the electrode.
EDM makina is usually used to process parts with relatively high hardness and conductivity. Since the electrode needs to erode the workpiece surface layer by layer and come close to the workpiece, the EDM makina requires high machining accuracy. Therefore, most modern EDM makinas utilize CNC EDM machines, which provide higher precision and efficiency during machining.
CNC EDM makina mainly consists of the main machine, pulse power supply, automatic feed control system, and working fluid circulation system. The involved technical fields include mechanical engineering, PLC control, and cooling systems, showcasing significant technical complexity.
Main machine: As the core part of the EDM makina, the main machine supports the electrode and the workpiece and provides stable support during machining.
Pulse power supply: The pulse power supply generates high-frequency current, controls the generation of sparks and the discharge time, thus affecting the machining speed and accuracy.
Automatic feed control system: Through precise control systems, the EDM makina can automatically adjust the position of the electrode, achieving efficient and accurate machining.
Working fluid circulation system: This system circulates cooling fluid, helping to dissipate heat and remove particles and debris generated during machining, ensuring the stability and quality of the machining process.
EDM makina's machining characteristics mainly reflect in its different discharge methods and the use of electrodes, which directly affect machining accuracy and quality.
The machining accuracy and quality of the EDM makina are influenced by the discharge speed and mold surface quality. When the discharge speed is faster, although the machining efficiency is high, the electrode wear is also significant. In fine machining, to improve accuracy, small currents and longer discharge pulse times are often used. Although this increases the wear on electrodes, it ensures the precision of the machining.
The electrode will suffer some degree of wear during machining. In rough discharge machining, the wear on the electrode is relatively low because high power and low wear discharge methods are used. However, in medium and fine discharge machining, the electrode is also consumed while eroding the material, resulting in greater wear. Nonetheless, precise discharge control can effectively compensate for electrode wear, ensuring machining quality.
During the machining process, carbon slag is generated, which affects the machining results. To ensure smooth machining, the generation and removal of carbon slag need to be managed simultaneously. Usually, sacrificing machining speed to enhance carbon slag removal effectiveness is necessary. For example, using higher voltage or longer pulse rest times during medium and fine discharge machining methods can ensure the stability and quality of the machining process.
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