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CNC EDM wire cut machine is a precision processing equipment that uses the principle of electric sparks for efficient cutting. It is widely used in mold manufacturing, mechanical processing, and other fields requiring high precision. The following will provide a detailed analysis of CNC EDM wire cut machine's working principle, components, and processing characteristics.
CNC EDM wire cut machine uses an electrode wire (such as molybdenum wire, tungsten molybdenum wire) as a tool electrode, forming electric spark discharge between the electrode wire and the workpiece through a pulse power supply. The generation of electric sparks causes a large amount of heat on the surface of the workpiece, thereby melting or vaporizing the material. CNC EDM wire cut machine's working process includes the movement of the electrode wire and the precise control of the processing path to achieve accurate cutting of the workpiece. This processing method is particularly suitable for difficult-to-machine conductive materials, such as metals and semiconductor materials with high hardness, high brittleness, or high toughness.
CNC EDM wire cut machine mainly consists of the following parts:
The worktable is used to install fixtures and workpieces being cut. It consists of a tabletop, middle support plate, and lower support plate, and completes the longitudinal and transverse movements of the workpiece through a stepper motor and ball screw drive. The precise movement of the worktable ensures the cutting accuracy.
The wire feeding mechanism consists of a wire storage barrel, wire feeding motor, and guide pulley. The wire storage barrel transmits the electrode wire to the processing area through the forward and reverse rotation of the wire feeding motor. The reciprocating movement of the electrode wire is key to achieving cutting.
The fluid supply system provides necessary working fluid to help cool the electrode wire and the workpiece, and remove debris generated during the processing. The working fluid includes mechanical oil, emulsified fluid, and deionized water, ensuring the stability and effectiveness of the processing.
The pulse power supply uses digital control technology and can adjust the width, current, and voltage of positive and negative pulses. This fine adjustment function ensures the processing accuracy and efficiency.
The control system is responsible for the digital program control of the entire processing process. It ensures the precise operation of the spark wire-cutting machine and the accurate cutting of the workpiece.
CNC EDM wire cut machine has the following distinctive characteristics:
CNC EDM wire cut machine can achieve ±0.01mm precision. It is particularly suitable for processing workpieces with complex shapes, such as punches and dies in molds and intricately designed parts. Its precision and surface roughness are typically between 1.25 to 2.5μm.
Unlike traditional cutting methods, CNC EDM wire cut machine can handle various hard materials such as hard alloys and quenched steel. Since the electrode wire does not directly contact the workpiece, there is minimal deformation and no need for high-strength electrodes and fixtures.
Since the electrode wire can be used directly without the need to create special electrodes, it reduces the cost of electrode design and manufacturing. Additionally, the spark wire cutting machine does not require tool sharpening, saving time and costs.
CNC EDM wire cut machine uses a digital control system, allowing the creation of control programs according to different workpiece requirements, making it suitable for the production of small batches of complex parts. The four-axis linkage technology enables it to process tapers and various special-shaped bodies.
Despite its many advantages, CNC EDM wire cut machine has a low metal removal rate, making the processing cost relatively high and unsuitable for simple-shaped, large-batch part processing. Additionally, non-conductive materials cannot be processed by electrical discharge cutting.
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